Russian vaccine against coronavirus: everything you need to know

The question of creating a vaccine against coronavirus has appearedalmost immediately after COVID-19 spread outside China and millions of people realized the real threat it poses. Work on the vaccine began in March - Germany, Russia, the USA, China and others were noted among the countries that are developing it. Shortly thereafter, scientists at the Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology stated that their coronavirus vaccine will be ready in August. And so, on August 11, 2020 about the creation of the world's first vaccine against COVID-19 said Russian President Vladimir Putin himself. How did scientists from the Russian Federation manage to be the first to create a vaccine, and most importantly - will it really help to cope with coronavirus around the world?

Russia became the first country to create a coronavirus vaccine for humans

Gamaleya Center specialists previously stated thatwhen developing a vaccine against coronavirus, a "ready-made technological platform" is used. We are talking about work on the same type of vaccines against Ebola and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) virus. Scientists have indeed been developing an appropriate platform for 10 years and decided to use it to develop a vaccine against COVID-19.

Content

• 1 Russian vaccine against coronavirus
• 2 Does the coronavirus vaccine work?
• 3 What is the coronavirus vaccine made of?
• 4 Side effects of the coronavirus vaccine
• 5 Is the coronavirus vaccine safe?
• 6 Coronavirus vaccine in the world

Russian vaccine against coronavirus

According to scientists and representatives of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the vaccine has proven its effectiveness and ready for use in humans... In civilian circulation, it is reported that shewill be received from January 1, 2021. Until that time, employees of state enterprises and medical institutions will already be able to get vaccinated against coronavirus - and vaccination will be voluntary.

According to the results, the vaccine showed a highefficiency and safety. All volunteers developed COVID-19 antibodies. At the same time, none of them had serious complications of immunization, - said Minister of Health of the Russian Federation Mikhail Murashko.

Does the coronavirus vaccine work?

Vaccine trials "Sputnik V" (as the Russian development was called) began in June 2020. They were attended by the Sechenov University and the Burdenko Military Hospital. In total, the research took 42 days, during this time they were attended by 38 healthy adult volunteers, according to documents from the Gamaleya Center submitted for registration of a vaccine against coronavirus. All subjects had indeed developed antibodies to COVID-19 by the end of the study.

This is how the Russian vaccine was tested

At the same time, the biologists report states thatthe duration of protection with the vaccine is not yet known. Clinical studies to study the epidemiological effectiveness have also not been conducted. The level of antibodies in the blood after the vaccine - middle.

It is not entirely clear why the Ministry of Health reported thatthat immunity to coronavirus after the introduction of the Russian vaccine can last up to two years. Professor of Pathophysiology at the First Moscow State Medical University. Sechenov, Anton Ershov previously stated that “there is an assumption that immunity to COVID-19 will also last for two years. But no confirmed save data".

Although some pharmaceuticalthe companies asked to postpone the registration of the vaccine, it was still registered by the Ministry of Health and can be officially used from next year. Short-term research is questionable, but the Gamaleya Center wants to complete another phase of clinical trials involving several thousand people to January 1, 2020.

What is the coronavirus vaccine made of?

According to scientists, the vaccine consists of two solutions. The first contains recombinant human adenovirus Ad5, in the second - Ad26... These are the causative agents of acute respiratory diseases. Adenoviruses are used as a "transport" for the delivery of the protein S gene of the virus SARS-CoV-2.

Also, the vaccine uses sucrose, two types of salt, ethanol 95%, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, polysorbate, water and the chemical compound "Tris".

The vaccine must be stored frozen, but at a temperature not higher than minus 18 degrees... Before use, it must be kept at room temperature. no longer than 30 minutes... You cannot shake the ampoule sharply and re-freeze it. Otherwise, the vaccine may not work.

Vaccination will take place in two steps: after the first, humoral cellular immunity is developed, and then the so-called "memory cells" are formed to provide long-term protection against the virus.

It looks like the world's first vaccine against coronavirus

Side effects of the coronavirus vaccine

At the moment, 38 test subjects are known to have144 adverse events were recorded. Most passed without consequences. Among the side effects, biologists note swelling, pain, hyperthermia and itching at the injection site. However, this "side effect" is typical for most vaccines against viruses.

Fears cause other side effects,found during the tests: malaise, fever, loss of appetite, headache, diarrhea, pain in the oropharynx, nasal congestion, sore throat.

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Is the coronavirus vaccine safe?

The vaccine will need to be administered in two stages

The Russian authorities wanted to develop a vaccine againstcoronavirus in order to primarily protect those at risk - people over 60. However, the Sputnik V vaccine has an age limit: the patient must be over 18 years old, but under 60 years old. In other words, the Russian vaccine cannot be administered to children and pensioners... Also the drug contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women, since scientists have not yet had time to conduct enough tests.

The vaccine must be used with caution whenchronic diseases of the kidneys and liver, diabetes mellitus, severe diseases of the hematopoietic system, epilepsy, strokes, diseases of the cardiovascular system, immunodeficiency, autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, atopy and eczema.

In addition, the vaccination site must be specially equipped - there must be anti-shock therapy means. The patient must be under the supervision of a medical professional 30 minutes after vaccine administration.

A vaccine against coronavirus in the world

Despite the fact that many countries are skepticalreacted to the Russian development, Russia has already received requests for a billion doses of the new vaccine, said Kirill Dmitriev, CEO of the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF). The countries of Latin America, the Middle East and Asia have mainly expressed their interest.

Other countries will continue to develop their vaccines

For residents of Russia, the vaccine against coronavirus will be free... It is planned to sell it to other countries.

Several countries have expressed concern that vaccine trials have taken too little time and are planning to continue developing their vaccines... Also, no results have been provided yet.tests of the Russian vaccine at least on animals. WHO is going to review information on drug trials to make sure the vaccine study was done correctly. Thus, the organization plans to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the drug.

Indeed, Russia has managed to create a vaccine againstcoronavirus in record time. Chinese doctors in May announced the development of a safe vaccine, but since then there has been no news of this. The United States also conducted successful trials of its vaccine, but stated that it was not yet ready for mass use. After the first animal trials and 45 test subjects, the US authorities authorized a second phase trial with 600 healthy volunteers. In June, an American company Moderna began the third phase - testing the vaccine on a thousand people to demonstrate its safety and effectiveness.

If Russian scientists really managed to do a working vaccine for COVID-19 and at the same time safe for people, it's very cool. But so far this situation is shrouded in many questions. Perhaps we will receive additional clarifications in the near future.